Career Hackers Bulletins

想入Sales and Tradings 一定要精通?銀行同基金佬 vs 一般路人甲:評估股票同市場時有咩分別?

作者:Career Hackers Editorial | Dec 27, 2022 12:00:00 AM

想入Sales and Tradings 一定要精通銀行同基金佬 vs 一般路人甲評估股票同市場時有咩分別?嚟緊2023年嘅環球經濟、股市危機四伏🌏,有興趣business & finance嘅同學無論自己對股票投資有無興趣,都要學吓或者了解 instituitional investor(例如banks、hedge funds)同我哋呢啲一般大眾retail investor有咩分別?佢哋又會點樣評估一隻股票係咪值得投資呢?🤓今次就等我哋介紹下無論係一般投資者又或者institutional investor都會用到嘅fundamental analysis,然後再講下institutional investor會on top留意啲咩啦!相信大家都明白投資股票「趁低買入、趁高賣出」,然後賺取差價收益嘅道理😎。Fundamental analysis想做到嘅,就係評估一隻股票現時嘅價格係「高於」定係「低於」隻股票嘅內在價值。如果市價係低於隻股票真正嘅內在價值,就代表股價有潛力上升,咁就係值得購入嘅股票喇!📈咁點先可以判斷到一隻股票嘅內在價值呢?💁無論係一般投資者又或者institutional investor都會利用fundamental analysis睇隻股票/間公司嘅財務狀況,而當中亦都有唔同嘅方法。最基本嘅就一定係睇balance sheet同income statement去了解間公司嘅資產同盈利📝。除此以外,亦都有唔少方法去計算一隻股票嘅價值:Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)💰簡單咁講,DCF可以幫你評估一個投資項目喺「未來帶俾你嘅cash flow」係咪大於「你現時嘅投資成本」。由於錢嘅價值係會隨時間改變,所以DCF喺比較未來cash flow同現時投資成本嘅時候,會加一個「discount」,例如:你預測未來一年嘅cash flow = 10,000未來一年金錢價格浮動 = +5% (discount)DCF = 10,000 / (1 + 5%) = 9,524呢個時候如果你嘅投資成本係大過9,524💸,就代表呢個未必係值得投資嘅項目喇!通常DCF嘅計算都係好幾年,而且好難去預計未來cash flow,所以唔適合用喺一啲複雜嘅投資。Relative Valuations ⚖️Relative valuations通過比較公司嘅市價同埋其他競爭者嘅市價,去評估公司嘅真正價值。最常見嘅有price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio, 將stock price除以earnings per share (EPS)。一個比市場平均高嘅PE ratio代表一間公司嘅交易金額比其他競爭對手高,亦都代表左佢係overvalued,未必係一個好嘅投資。除咗PE ratio, 亦都有:PEG (price/earnings to growth)PB (price/book)PS (price/sales)EV to EBITDA (enterprise value/earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization)呢一啲ratio嘅比較方法都大同小異,但係會因應行業,公司盈利,規模,行業競爭等等嘅因素,而各自有唔同嘅用處🏢。呢啲方法其實一般投資者都會用到,咁institutional player仲會留意啲咩呢?⭐️除咗呢啲好quantitative每隻股票嘅價值之外,institutional investors亦都會關注市場上嘅變動,睇下有無啲咩catalyst event可以令自己手持嘅股票價格催升💬。亦都因為好多institutional investors係幫佢哋嘅client投資,所以亦都要了解client嘅取態同埋整體portfolio嘅表現,有時亦都會用到一啲hedging techniques。所以對於institutional investor嚟講,唔係undervalue嘅股票就一定會投資㗎!如果同學仔想了解更加多institutional investor投資嘅時候會有啲咩其他額外consideration,可以報名參加我哋嘅Global Markets Analyst Program💪🏻!喺呢6個禮拜入面,你可以一邊學點樣stock pitching、create自己嘅longshort portfolio,一邊由LBN CEO Benjamin,作為 ex-Goldman Sachs Executive Director,俾你每星期intensive training同 mentorship,了解現實中點樣「react to catalyst, think and execute in institutional way」🎯。對於想入bulge bracket 或hedge fund嘅同學,絕對係一個好好嘅實戰經驗,立即去bio link Global Markets Winter Analyst報名啦!